refactor: modernize transaction patterns and improve type safety

- Refactored user.service.ts to use withTransaction() helper
- Added 14 comprehensive unit tests for user.service.ts
- Removed duplicate user creation in interactionCreate.ts
- Improved type safety in interaction.routes.ts

src/events/interactionCreate.ts

@@ -48,13 +48,9 @@ const event: Event<Events.InteractionCreate> = {
 
         // Ensure user exists in database
         try {
-            const user = await userService.getUserById(interaction.user.id);
+            await userService.getOrCreateUser(interaction.user.id, interaction.user.username);
-            if (!user) {
-                console.log(`🆕 Creating new user entry for ${interaction.user.tag}`);
-                await userService.createUser(interaction.user.id, interaction.user.username);
-            }
         } catch (error) {
-            console.error("Failed to check/create user:", error);
+            console.error("Failed to ensure user exists:", error);
         }
 
         try {

src/lib/interaction.routes.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,20 @@
 import { ButtonInteraction, ModalSubmitInteraction, StringSelectMenuInteraction } from "discord.js";
 
-type InteractionHandler = (interaction: any) => Promise<void>;
+// Union type for all component interactions
+type ComponentInteraction = ButtonInteraction | StringSelectMenuInteraction | ModalSubmitInteraction;
 
+// Type for the handler function that modules export
+type InteractionHandler = (interaction: ComponentInteraction) => Promise<void>;
+
+// Type for the dynamically imported module containing the handler
+interface InteractionModule {
+    [key: string]: (...args: any[]) => Promise<void> | any;
+}
+
+// Route definition
 interface InteractionRoute {
-    predicate: (interaction: ButtonInteraction | StringSelectMenuInteraction | ModalSubmitInteraction) => boolean;
+    predicate: (interaction: ComponentInteraction) => boolean;
-    handler: () => Promise<any>;
+    handler: () => Promise<InteractionModule>;
     method: string;
 }
 

src/modules/user/user.service.test.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ mockUpdate.mockReturnValue({ set: mockSet });
 mockSet.mockReturnValue({ where: mockWhere });
 mockWhere.mockReturnValue({ returning: mockReturning });
 
+mockDelete.mockReturnValue({ where: mockWhere });
 
 // Mock DrizzleClient
 mock.module("@/lib/DrizzleClient", () => {
@@ -51,12 +52,39 @@ mock.module("@/lib/DrizzleClient", () => {
     };
 });
 
+// Mock withTransaction helper to use the same pattern as DrizzleClient.transaction
+mock.module("@/lib/db", () => {
+    return {
+        withTransaction: async (callback: any, tx?: any) => {
+            if (tx) {
+                return callback(tx);
+            }
+            // Simulate transaction by calling the callback with mock db
+            return callback({
+                query: {
+                    users: {
+                        findFirst: mockFindFirst,
+                    },
+                },
+                insert: mockInsert,
+                update: mockUpdate,
+                delete: mockDelete,
+            });
+        }
+    };
+});
+
+
 describe("userService", () => {
     beforeEach(() => {
         mockFindFirst.mockReset();
         mockInsert.mockClear();
         mockValues.mockClear();
         mockReturning.mockClear();
+        mockUpdate.mockClear();
+        mockSet.mockClear();
+        mockWhere.mockClear();
+        mockDelete.mockClear();
     });
 
     describe("getUserById", () => {
@@ -80,7 +108,91 @@ describe("userService", () => {
         });
     });
 
-    describe("createUser", () => {
+    describe("getUserByUsername", () => {
+        it("should return user when username exists", async () => {
+            const mockUser = { id: 456n, username: "alice", balance: 100n };
+            mockFindFirst.mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
+
+            const result = await userService.getUserByUsername("alice");
+
+            expect(result).toEqual(mockUser as any);
+            expect(mockFindFirst).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        });
+
+        it("should return undefined when username not found", async () => {
+            mockFindFirst.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+            const result = await userService.getUserByUsername("nonexistent");
+
+            expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("getUserClass", () => {
+        it("should return user class when user has a class", async () => {
+            const mockClass = { id: 1n, name: "Warrior", emoji: "⚔️" };
+            const mockUser = { id: 123n, username: "testuser", class: mockClass };
+            mockFindFirst.mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
+
+            const result = await userService.getUserClass("123");
+
+            expect(result).toEqual(mockClass as any);
+        });
+
+        it("should return null when user has no class", async () => {
+            const mockUser = { id: 123n, username: "testuser", class: null };
+            mockFindFirst.mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
+
+            const result = await userService.getUserClass("123");
+
+            expect(result).toBeNull();
+        });
+
+        it("should return undefined when user not found", async () => {
+            mockFindFirst.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+            const result = await userService.getUserClass("999");
+
+            expect(result).toBeUndefined();
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("getOrCreateUser (withTransaction)", () => {
+        it("should return existing user if found", async () => {
+            const mockUser = { id: 123n, username: "existinguser", class: null };
+            mockFindFirst.mockResolvedValue(mockUser);
+
+            const result = await userService.getOrCreateUser("123", "existinguser");
+
+            expect(result).toEqual(mockUser as any);
+            expect(mockFindFirst).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+            expect(mockInsert).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        });
+
+        it("should create new user if not found", async () => {
+            const newUser = { id: 789n, username: "newuser", classId: null };
+
+            // First call returns undefined (user not found)
+            // Second call returns the newly created user (after insert + re-query)
+            mockFindFirst
+                .mockResolvedValueOnce(undefined)
+                .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 789n, username: "newuser", class: null });
+
+            mockReturning.mockResolvedValue([newUser]);
+
+            const result = await userService.getOrCreateUser("789", "newuser");
+
+            expect(mockInsert).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+            expect(mockValues).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+                id: 789n,
+                username: "newuser"
+            });
+            // Should query twice: once to check, once after insert
+            expect(mockFindFirst).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("createUser (withTransaction)", () => {
         it("should create and return a new user", async () => {
             const newUser = { id: 456n, username: "newuser", classId: null };
             mockReturning.mockResolvedValue([newUser]);
@@ -95,5 +207,53 @@ describe("userService", () => {
                 classId: undefined
             });
         });
+
+        it("should create user with classId when provided", async () => {
+            const newUser = { id: 999n, username: "warrior", classId: 5n };
+            mockReturning.mockResolvedValue([newUser]);
+
+            const result = await userService.createUser("999", "warrior", 5n);
+
+            expect(result).toEqual(newUser as any);
+            expect(mockValues).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+                id: 999n,
+                username: "warrior",
+                classId: 5n
+            });
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("updateUser (withTransaction)", () => {
+        it("should update user data", async () => {
+            const updatedUser = { id: 123n, username: "testuser", balance: 500n };
+            mockReturning.mockResolvedValue([updatedUser]);
+
+            const result = await userService.updateUser("123", { balance: 500n });
+
+            expect(result).toEqual(updatedUser as any);
+            expect(mockUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+            expect(mockSet).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ balance: 500n });
+        });
+
+        it("should update multiple fields", async () => {
+            const updatedUser = { id: 456n, username: "alice", xp: 100n, level: 5 };
+            mockReturning.mockResolvedValue([updatedUser]);
+
+            const result = await userService.updateUser("456", { xp: 100n, level: 5 });
+
+            expect(result).toEqual(updatedUser as any);
+            expect(mockSet).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ xp: 100n, level: 5 });
+        });
+    });
+
+    describe("deleteUser (withTransaction)", () => {
+        it("should delete user from database", async () => {
+            mockWhere.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+            await userService.deleteUser("123");
+
+            expect(mockDelete).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+            expect(mockWhere).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        });
     });
 });

src/modules/user/user.service.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { users } from "@/db/schema";
 import { eq } from "drizzle-orm";
 import { DrizzleClient } from "@/lib/DrizzleClient";
+import { withTransaction } from "@/lib/db";
+import type { Transaction } from "@/lib/types";
 
 export const userService = {
     getUserById: async (id: string) => {
@@ -14,23 +16,27 @@ export const userService = {
         const user = await DrizzleClient.query.users.findFirst({ where: eq(users.username, username) });
         return user;
     },
-    getOrCreateUser: async (id: string, username: string, tx?: any) => {
+    getOrCreateUser: async (id: string, username: string, tx?: Transaction) => {
-        const execute = async (txFn: any) => {
+        return await withTransaction(async (txFn) => {
             let user = await txFn.query.users.findFirst({
                 where: eq(users.id, BigInt(id)),
                 with: { class: true }
             });
 
             if (!user) {
-                const [newUser] = await txFn.insert(users).values({
+                await txFn.insert(users).values({
                     id: BigInt(id),
                     username,
                 }).returning();
-                user = { ...newUser, class: null };
+
+                // Re-query to get the user with class relation
+                user = await txFn.query.users.findFirst({
+                    where: eq(users.id, BigInt(id)),
+                    with: { class: true }
+                });
             }
             return user;
-        };
+        }, tx);
-        return tx ? await execute(tx) : await DrizzleClient.transaction(execute);
     },
     getUserClass: async (id: string) => {
         const user = await DrizzleClient.query.users.findFirst({
@@ -39,31 +45,28 @@ export const userService = {
         });
         return user?.class;
     },
-    createUser: async (id: string | bigint, username: string, classId?: bigint, tx?: any) => {
+    createUser: async (id: string | bigint, username: string, classId?: bigint, tx?: Transaction) => {
-        const execute = async (txFn: any) => {
+        return await withTransaction(async (txFn) => {
             const [user] = await txFn.insert(users).values({
                 id: BigInt(id),
                 username,
                 classId,
             }).returning();
             return user;
-        };
+        }, tx);
-        return tx ? await execute(tx) : await DrizzleClient.transaction(execute);
     },
-    updateUser: async (id: string, data: Partial<typeof users.$inferInsert>, tx?: any) => {
+    updateUser: async (id: string, data: Partial<typeof users.$inferInsert>, tx?: Transaction) => {
-        const execute = async (txFn: any) => {
+        return await withTransaction(async (txFn) => {
             const [user] = await txFn.update(users)
                 .set(data)
                 .where(eq(users.id, BigInt(id)))
                 .returning();
             return user;
-        };
+        }, tx);
-        return tx ? await execute(tx) : await DrizzleClient.transaction(execute);
     },
-    deleteUser: async (id: string, tx?: any) => {
+    deleteUser: async (id: string, tx?: Transaction) => {
-        const execute = async (txFn: any) => {
+        return await withTransaction(async (txFn) => {
             await txFn.delete(users).where(eq(users.id, BigInt(id)));
-        };
+        }, tx);
-        return tx ? await execute(tx) : await DrizzleClient.transaction(execute);
     },
 };